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A few types of crystalline hollow structures, crystalline carbon hollow spheres (750 nm), crystalline carbon hollow spheres with encapsulated or decorated 1−3 nm SnO 2 nanoparticles, and crystalline SnO 2 hollow spheres (200−300 nm) synthesized by various methods, have been evaluated for reversible Li + storage. The experimental results showed noticeable improvements in a number of performance areas such as specific capacity, rate capability, and cyclability. The improvements could be attributed to a high degree of crystallinity, which increases the electronic conductivity, and the facile transport of Li ions in a hollow shell with nanoscale thickness, which significantly shortens the solid-state diffusion length.
Wang et al. (Fri,) studied this question.