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A mechanistic study concerning photoinitiated free radical polymerization using thioxanthone thio-acetic acid (TX−S−CH 2 −COOH) as one-component Type II photoinitiator was performed. Steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence and phosphorescence spectroscopy, as well as laser flash photolysis was employed to study the photophysics and photochemistry of TX−S−CH 2 −COOH. The initiator undergoes efficient intersystem crossing into the triplet state and the lowest triplet state posseses π−π* configuration. In contrast to the unsubstituted thioxanthone, TX−S−CH 2 −COOH shows an unusually short triplet lifetime (65 ns) indicating an intramolecular reaction. From fluoroscence, phosphorescence, and laser flash photolysis studies, in conjunction with photopolymerization experiments, we propose that TX−S−CH 2 −COOH triplets undergo intramolecular electron transfer followed by hydrogen abstraction and decarboxylation producing alkyl radicals, which are the active initiator radicals in photoinduced polymerization. At low initiator concentrations (below 5 × 10 -3 M) this intramolecular reaction is the dominant path. At concentrations above 5 × 10 -3 M, however, the respective intermolecular reactions may be operative.
Aydın et al. (Wed,) studied this question.