Mapping the digital entrepreneurship initiative ecosystem: Structural challenges and inclusivity gaps in emerging economies

Digital entrepreneurship is increasingly prioritised by emerging economies as a driver of economic growth, resulting in a proliferation of initiatives to promote it by diverse stakeholders. Despite this, the structure, distribution and inclusivity of these initiatives remain underexplored. Drawing upon institutional theory and Isenberg's entrepreneurship ecosystem framework, this study develops and applies a systematic approach to mapping digital entrepreneurship initiatives (DEI) and applies it to Sarawak, Malaysia – a developing region undergoing strategic digital economic transformation. Using a two-phase method that combines desk study mapping analysis and structured interviews with initiative implementers and entrepreneurs, the study adapts Isenberg's entrepreneurship ecosystem framework for the mapping of digital entrepreneurship initiatives with an explicit target group dimension. The findings reveal fragmentation within the DEI ecosystem, particularly a concentration of financial support for technology-based ventures and limited provision for underserved entrepreneurs. Our study offers both empirical insights and a methodological contribution to ecosystem mapping in emerging economies, highlighting the need to address structural gaps and promote a more inclusive, ecosystem-oriented approach to digital entrepreneurship policy and implementation.