Pdl1 Immunohistochemical Expression in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Its Clinicopathological Correlation

Background: Programmed Death ligand Protein-1 (PDL-1) is a type I transmembrane protein that plays a central role in immune regulation. By interacting with its ligands, PDL-1 downregulates adaptive immune responses through suppression of cytokine release and inhibition of T-cell activation. This mechanism facilitates immune escape, which is critical in the initiation and progression of lung cancer. Aim of study: Evaluation of programmed cell death ligand 1 immunohistochemical expression in non-small cell lung cancer and its correlation with different clinical and histopathological parameters. Methods: This retrospective analysis included 47 previously diagnosed NSCLC cases. Tissue samples obtained during the period from June 2025 to the end of December 2025 using immunohistochemistry to assess PDL-1 expression.