Symptoms and health‐related quality of life 5 years after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of catheter ablation (CA) on symptoms and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after 5 years, and analyze predictors of recurrence of symptoms. BACKGROUND: The primary indication for CA of atrial fibrillation (AF) is to reduce symptoms and improve HRQoL where long-term follow-up are sparse. METHODS: In this observational, long-term, single-center study, patients were recruited from Linköping University Hospital, Sweden. They were aged ≥18 years and had been referred for CA from November 2011 until June 2019. Arrhythmia-specific symptoms and HRQoL were assessed by patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) with the Arrhythmia-Specific questionnaire in Tachycardia and Arrhythmia (ASTA). RESULTS: In the study were 1521 patients, 69% men, mean age 62 years. At baseline, 87% of the patients and at the 5-year follow-up 80% of those eligible filled out the ASTA questionnaire. At follow-up, 50% reported freedom from symptoms, 18% had >50% symptom reduction, 14% had a minor reduction, while 18% reported no effect or a worsening of symptoms. Factors predicting symptoms were female gender (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.8; 1.2-2.8), body mass index ≥ 35 (HR: 3.9; 1.6-9.8), and ischemic heart disease (IHD) (HR: 2.6; 1.2-5.9). After 5 years, breathlessness during activity, weakness/fatigue, and tiredness were still the most common symptoms; regarding HRQoL they were impaired physical ability and deteriorated life situation. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: This clinical cohort of patients with AF evaluated through PROMs showed that CA had long-lasting effects on symptoms and HRQoL and that the use of PROMs in clinical routines was feasible. Factors predicting symptoms after CA were female gender, IHD, and obesity, an important reminder to encourage lifestyle management.