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A secure communication scenario is one in which a third party is unable to access information shared between two parties. Cryptography is an essential part of secure communication. It is a method of storing and transmitting data in a format that only the intended recipients can read and process. The primary goals of this research are to propose a robust and practical image encryption algorithm using a novel chaotic map, implement it on a Raspberry Pi and Xilinx FPGA, and test its security using both software-based and hardware-based Side-Channel Attacks (SCA). This work unveils a cutting-edge image encryption algorithm that fuses chaotic dynamics with cellular automata to achieve high security and unpredictability. The designed algorithm was rigorously evaluated using analysis based on both hardware and software. Software-based analysis of the algorithm confirmed superior results in entropy, NPCR, UACI, and resistance to plaintext attacks, with histogram analysis further supporting its effectiveness. Hardware implementations enabled side-channel testing using EM traces and the Hamming Distance model. It is widely assumed that the amount of data that leaks over the power side-channel is proportional to the number of bits cycling between states at any given time. This attack employs statistical methods to detect changes in power traces, exposing data leakage that could lead to the derivation of the correct secret key. The results indicate a high resistance to side-channel and third-party attacks, positioning the proposed scheme as a secure and practical solution for real-world image encryption applications.
Hanis et al. (Mon,) studied this question.