Key result
Providing abdominal aortic calcification results fails to increase fruit and vegetable intake over education alone.
Why the study?
Non-invasive vascular imaging results improve cardiovascular disease risk factor control, but their impact on diet remains uncertain.
Does the provision of abdominal aortic calcification results improve fruit and vegetable intake in older adults?
RCT (n=240)
Single-blind
1:1
No
Does the provision of abdominal aortic calcification results improve fruit and vegetable intake in older adults?
Mean Difference: 0.03 (95% CI -0.06–0.13)
Absolute Event Rate: 0.17% vs 0.14%
p-value: p=0.494
Providing vascular imaging results to patients did not improve fruit and vegetable intake, but did modestly improve serum cholesterol and estimated CVD risk scores.
Provision of non-invasive vascular imaging results to individuals has been shown to improve cardiovascular disease risk factor control: its impact on diet remains uncertain. In this two-arm, single-blind, parallel, 12-week randomized controlled trial, 240 participants, 57.5% females aged 60-80 y had abdominal aortic calcification and clinical assessments performed at a hospital clinic. Participants were randomized 1:1 to receive (intervention n = 121) or not (control n = 119) their calcification results. Both groups received educational resources on cardiovascular disease risk control and were unblinded to the intervention. Outcome measures were performed at baseline and 12 weeks. The primary outcomes of the study were changes in fruit and vegetable intake measures over 12 weeks assessed using plasma carotenoid concentrations (biomarkers of FV intake) and a food frequency questionnaire. Secondary outcomes included 12-week changes in other aspects of the diet, physical activity, body weight, blood pressure, heart rate, lipid profile, glucose concentrations, estimated cardiovascular disease risk score, and medication use. Between-group differences were tested using linear mixed-effects regression. There were no between-group differences in the primary outcomes at 12 weeks: plasma carotenoids (mean difference +0.03 µg/mL [95%CI -0.06, 0.13]) and fruit and vegetable intakes (+18 g/d [-37, 72]). However, the provision of calcification results led to between-group differences in serum total (-0.22 mmol/L [-0.41, -0.04]) and non-HDL (-0.19 mmol/L [-0.35, -0.03]) cholesterol, and estimated cardiovascular disease risk score (-0.24% [-0.47, -0.02]). No between-group differences were seen for other secondary outcomes. In this work, providing vascular imaging results did not improve diet but did improve some cardiovascular disease risk factors (Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12618001087246).
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Radavelli‐Bagatini et al. (2024) conducted an RCT in Cardiovascular disease risk (n=240). Provision of abdominal aortic calcification results with educational resources vs. Educational resources alone was evaluated on Change in plasma carotenoid concentrations over 12 weeks (MD 0.03, 95% CI -0.06, 0.13, p=0.494). Providing abdominal aortic calcification results alongside educational resources did not significantly improve plasma carotenoid concentrations (MD 0.03 µg/mL) or fruit and vegetable intake compared to education alone over 12 weeks.
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