The integrity of online examinations in Undergraduate Programmes: A Systematic Review

This systematic review, conducted using PRISMA guidelines, investigates the validity of online assessments in undergraduate programs. The study aimed to explore the current state of the literature on online exams, including the types of assessments employed, the mechanisms implemented to ensure academic integrity, and the effectiveness of these strategies. It further examined the prevalence of cheating in online assessments and the potential impact of these exams on student learning outcomes. The findings indicate that while online exams offer several advantages for both students and educators, substantial concerns remain regarding their validity and fairness. In particular, the review highlights challenges in contexts where access to technology and internet connectivity is limited. The study concludes by emphasising the need for further research to develop and evaluate robust methods for safeguarding academic integrity and ensuring equitable assessment practices in online environments. This study contributes to scholarship by systematically reviewing and synthesizing the current evidence on online exam integrity in undergraduate education. It identifies critical gaps in the implementation of secure online assessments in rural and resource-constrained settings and provides evidence-based recommendations for enhancing academic integrity in emerging online learning environments.