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This study advances the understanding of mathematical expertise beyond deliberate practice by exploring it as “ways of being.” We examined two dimensions: information processing (domain-general flexibility and working memory capacity, and processing speed within each) and zeal (Beliefs and Motivation in mathematics, and Need for Cognition). A comparative study of High Achievers (HA), who excel in advanced coursework, and Problem-Solving Competitors (PSC), who also qualify for advanced competitions, tested four pre-registered hypotheses (H) and two exploratory research objectives (E). PSCs showed faster processing speed during Luchins’ task (H2), faster processing speed during the O-Span Task (H4), but similar working memory capacity (H3) and domain-general flexibility (H1). PSCs exhibited greater Need for Cognition and stronger creative Beliefs about mathematics but similar Motivation (E1). Zeal and information processing positively related to different performance aspects (E2). Findings support a broader view of mathematical expertise as ways of being, with educational and research implications.
Hartviksen et al. (Wed,) studied this question.