Hyper-Rayleigh scattering in solution

Hyper-Rayleigh scattering in solution is used for the determination of the hyperpolarizability of nonlinear optical molecules. Obtaining the first hyperpolarizability {β} without having to independently determine the dipole moment {μ} and the second hyperpolarizability {γ} is an advantage over the electric-field-induced second-harmonic generation technique. Values of the first hyperpolarizability {β} of 23×{}10^-30 esu for para-nitroaniline, 105×{}10^-30 esu for 4-methoxy-4'-nitrostilbene, and 95×{}10^-30 esu for 4-hydroxy-4'-nitrostilbene dissolved in chloroform have been obtained. The equivalent-internal-field model is shown to hold for small saturated molecules.