Key result
The proposed duty-cycled and spinning excitation bridge-to-digital converter achieves 0.44 mmHg resolution and a state-of-the-art figure-of-merit of 3.3 pJ/conversion.
Why the study?
Pulmonary artery pressure measurement is relevant for monitoring heart failure and pulmonary hypertension, requiring energy-efficient circuits for implantable pressure sensing systems.
The proposed bridge-to-digital converter achieves state-of-the-art energy efficiency and resolution for implantable pulmonary artery pressure monitoring systems.
Enables lower-power implantable PA pressure sensing in HF; extends sensor tech but leaves open clinical validation.
This paper presents an energy-efficient, duty-cycled, and spinning excitation bridge-to-digital converter (BDC) designed for implantable pressure sensing systems. The circuit provides the measure of the pulmonary artery pressure that is particularly relevant for the monitoring of heart failure and pulmonary hypertension patients. The BDC is made of a piezoresistive pressure sensor and a readout integrated circuit (IC) that comprises an instrumentation amplifier (IA) followed by an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The proposed design spins both the bridge excitation and the ADC's sampling input voltages simultaneously and exploits duty cycling to reduce the static power consumption of the bridge sensor and IA while cancelling the IA's offset and 1/f noise at the same time. The readout IC has been designed and fabricated in a standard 180-nm CMOS process and achieves 8.4 effective number of bits (ENOB) at 1 kHz sampling rate while drawing 0.53 μA current from a 1.2 V supply. The BDC, built with the readout IC and a differential pressure sensor having 5 k Ω bridge resistances, achieves 0.44 mmHg resolution in a 270 mmHg pressure range at 1 ms conversion time. The current consumption of the bridge sensor by employing duty cycling is reduced by 99.8% thus becoming 0.39 μA from a 1.2 V supply. The total conversion energy of the pressure sensing system is 1.1 nJ, and achieves a figure-of-merit (FoM) of 3.3 pJ/conversion, which both represent the state of the art.
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Besirli et al. (2022) studied Heart failure and pulmonary hypertension (target application). Duty-cycled and spinning excitation bridge-to-digital converter (BDC) vs. State-of-the-art BDCs was evaluated on Figure-of-merit (FoM) and resolution. The proposed duty-cycled and spinning excitation bridge-to-digital converter achieves 0.44 mmHg resolution and a state-of-the-art figure-of-merit of 3.3 pJ/conversion.
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