Left-Ventricular Non-Compaction Cardiomyopathy Presenting with Atrial Flutter with Rapid Ventricular Response

Figures

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  Fig. 1. (1) Transthoracic echocardiogram, parasternal long-axis view demonstrating biventricular dilation with enlargement of the left ventricle (red arrow), right ventricle (blue arrow), and right atrium (green arrow), along with left atrial enlargement. (2) Transesophageal echocardiogram, midesophageal four-chamber view confirming biventricular dilation and biatrial enlargement. (3) Transesophageal echocardiogram with color Doppler demonstrating functional mitral regurgitation. (4) Transesophageal echocardiogram with color Doppler demonstrating functional tricuspid regurgitation.

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  Fig. 2. Left heart catheterization demonstrating no obstructive coronary artery disease. Angiographic views: (1) Left anterior oblique (LAO) caudal; (2) Right anterior oblique (RAO) caudal; (3) Cranial left anterior descending (LAD); (4) Right coronary artery (RCA), LAO cranial view.

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  Fig. 3. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Steady-state free precession (SSFP) cine images at end-diastole. (1) Four-chamber view demonstrating prominent trabeculations in the distal left ventricle consistent with non-compacted myocardium (red arrow). (2) Short-axis view demonstrating a two-layered myocardium with non-compacted and compacted layers and a non-compacted to compacted myocardial ratio of 3.3 at the inferior apical wall.