Key result
Sleep stage progression was associated with a sympatho-vagal balance shift toward parasympathetic modulation during NREM sleep and sympathetic modulation during REM sleep, alongside increased cardio-respiratory coherence during NREM sleep.
Why the study?
How do autonomic cardiac regulation and cardiopulmonary coupling vary during different sleep stages in healthy women?
Observational (n=11)
No
How do autonomic cardiac regulation and cardiopulmonary coupling vary during different sleep stages in healthy women?
Spectral and cross-spectral analysis of HRV and respiration signals confirms a shift toward parasympathetic modulation during NREM sleep and sympathetic modulation during REM sleep.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
HRV autonomic patterns across sleep stages may guide nocturnal CV monitoring; leaves open prospective validation in clinical cohorts.
Sleep is a complex state characterized by important changes in the autonomic modulation of the cardiovascular activity. Heart rate variability (HRV) greatly changes during different sleep stages, showing a predominant parasympathetic drive to the heart during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and an increased sympathetic activity during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Respiration undergoes important modifications as well, becoming deeper and more regular with deep sleep and shallower and more frequent during REM sleep. The aim of the present study is to assess both autonomic cardiac regulation and cardiopulmonary coupling variations during different sleep stages in healthy subjects, using spectral and cross-spectral analysis of the HRV and respiration signals. Polysomnographic sleep recordings were performed in 11 healthy women and the HRV signal and the respiration signal were obtained. The spectral and cross-spectral parameters of the HRV signal and of the respiration signal were computed at low frequency and at breathing frequency (high frequency, HF) during different sleep stages. Results attested a sympatho-vagal balance shift toward parasympathetic modulation during NREM sleep and toward sympathetic modulation during REM sleep. Spectral analysis of the HRV signal and of the respiration signal indicated a higher respiration regularity during deep sleep, and a higher parasympathetic drive was also confirmed by an increase in the coherence between the HRV and the respiration signal in the HF band during NREM sleep. Our findings about sleep stage-dependent variations in the HRV signal and in the respiratory activity are in line with previous evidences and confirm spectral analysis of the HRV and the respiration signal to be a suitable tool for investigating cardiac autonomic modulation and cardio-respiratory coupling during sleep.
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Cabiddu et al. (2012) conducted an observational in Healthy (n=11). Sleep stages (NREM vs REM) vs. Wakefulness was evaluated on Differences in tachogram LF/HF ratio and tachogram-respirogram coherence in the HF band between deep NREM sleep (stage N3) and REM sleep (p=<0.05). Sleep stage progression was associated with a sympatho-vagal balance shift toward parasympathetic modulation during NREM sleep and sympathetic modulation during REM sleep, alongside increased cardio-respiratory coherence during NREM sleep.
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