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July 20, 2026The European Physical Journal PlusOpen Access

Photocatalytic water splitting for sustainable hydrogen: materials, mechanisms, and future directions

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Authors

JPJanak PaudelUniversity of Arkansas at Little RockMWMichael WilsonUniversity of Arkansas at Little Rock

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Overview

Mechanistic review evaluates photocatalytic systems for hydrogen production, indicating future design principles.

Key Points

  • This review aims to critically analyze the mechanisms and limitations of photocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen production.
  • Evaluated various photocatalyst classes including transition metal oxides and metal-organic frameworks.
  • Examined charge separation strategies such as type-II and S-scheme architectures.
  • Incorporated quantitative interface physics and standardized testing protocols for better comparability.
  • Identified intrinsic limitations in photocatalytic systems, including slow oxygen evolution kinetics and photocorrosion.
  • Highlighted the importance of charge separation strategies for enhancing efficiencies and stability.
  • Proposed design principles for developing scalable solar hydrogen production systems beyond laboratory settings.

Cite This Study

Paudel et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a5dbad58bd453d3397abe5ahttps://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-08068-8
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Particulate Photocatalytic Water Splitting for Solar Energy Conversion: From Material Design to Scalable Demonstration2026
  2. 2Next-Generation Photocatalysts for Hydrogen Production: Innovations, Challenges, and Future Perspectives2026 · 6 citations
  3. 3A comprehensive review of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution incorporating mechanisms and key parameters accompanying future outlook2026 · 6 citations
  4. 4Solar Generated Hydrogen: 2D Heterostructures for Photocatalysts2026 · 4 citations
  5. 5Recent Advances of Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution via Water Vapor Splitting2025