Reconstructed pion (π+) charge structure: Insights from Patterson function analysis

This study introduces an empirical and graphical approach for reconstructing the internal charge distribution of the pion using Patterson function analysis. The reconstruction reveals a compact, sharply defined positive core encircled by a diffuse negative shell. Importantly, the first zero of the radial Patterson charge density in the reconstructed profile coincides with that of the original Patterson function, lending credibility to the method. The half-maximum radius of the positive core is determined to be 0.162 fm—significantly smaller than the commonly cited pion charge radius of 0.439 fm.