Spatiotemporal Frequency Gradient and the Decisive Vertical Atomic Clock Experiment

This paper demonstrates via a time-sequence synchronization model and actual GPS operating conditions that the flow of time is faster in regions with strong gravitational fields on the ground than in high-altitude space. The gravitational field modifies the intrinsic atomic transition period rather than the number of oscillations per unit time. The assumption of a constant atomic transition period in relativity contains logical flaws, and the space-ground synchronization mechanism of GPS can serve as decisive evidence for this conclusion. The in-situ counting experiment of atomic clocks at multiple elevations proposed in this work can directly distinguish the predictions of the two competing theories. Existing high-precision optical lattice clocks possess sufficient resolution to detect the target frequency shift signal, providing direct experimental support for revising gravitational spacetime theory.