One-dimensional (1D) quantum wells are created on a Si(001)-c(4×2) surface. A pair of straight Al ad-dimer chains works as potential walls for the confinement of surface-state electrons on the Si(001) surface. The quantum properties of the 1D quantum wells are directly probed by low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. They are well described by size quantization of electrons in the unoccupied π* surface states of the Si(001)-c(4×2) surface, based on the ``1D particle-in-a-box'' model.
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Yokoyama et al. (1999) studied this question.
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