Design and fabrication of a new high gain multilayer negative refractive index metamaterial antenna for X‐band applications

This article presents the design of a planar high gain and wideband antenna using a negative refractive index multilayer superstrate in the X-band. This meta-antenna is composed of a four-layer superstrate placed on a conventional patch antenna. The structure resonates at a frequency of 9.4 GHz. Each layer of the metamaterial superstrate consists of a 7 × 7 array of electric-field-coupled resonators, with a negative refractive index of 8.66 to 11.83 GHz. The number of layers and the separation of superstrate layers are simulated and optimized. This metamaterial lens has significantly increased the gain of the patch antenna to 17.1 dBi. Measurements and simulation results proved about 10 dB improvement of the gain.