Challenges and opportunities in the global net-zero building sector

Buildings worldwide, which represent the final piece to be addressed in the transition to carbon neutrality, require a multisectoral, comprehensive strategy for decarbonization. We provide an overview of the current global status and features of carbon emissions associated with buildings, then outline pathways and steps to achieving carbon neutrality by mid-century. By synergizing technical innovation, encompassing advanced building technologies and renewable energy solutions, with robust financial support mechanisms, we can expedite the widespread adoption of building electrification and energy system decarbonization. This integrated approach stands as the most practical and effective strategy for decarbonizing building operations. Vital measures for reducing embodied carbon include constraining the building stock growth, decarbonizing materials, and extending building lifetimes. We emphasize the importance of raising awareness of building carbon emissions among governments, residents, and other stakeholders. Understanding the challenges and the urgent need for action is crucial to achieving carbon neutrality in the building sector.