Key result
Recreational dynamic exercise was associated with the most favorable arterial characteristics, including 16.7% lower resting cfPWV (P<0.01) and 40.9% higher total arterial compliance (P<0.01) compared to sedentary men.
Why the study?
Does the type (dynamic vs static) and level (high vs recreational) of exercise training affect structural and functional arterial adaptations in young athletes?
Cross-Sectional (n=76)
Does the type (dynamic vs static) and level (high vs recreational) of exercise training affect structural and functional arterial adaptations in young athletes?
Recreational dynamic exercise is associated with the most favorable functional arterial characteristics, such as reduced arterial stiffness, which become apparent at an early age without accompanying structural changes.
May support exercise counseling for vascular health; hypothesis-generating pilot data leave causal effects and practice change open.
Summary Background Structural and functional arterial adaptations with regard to the type and level of training in young athletes are understudied. Our research aimed at evaluating them in two types of exercise (dynamic and static) and two levels of engagement (high and recreational). Methods A total of 76 volunteers formed five groups. Group A included 17 high‐level dynamic sports athletes 30·9 ± 6·4 years old, group B 14 recreational ones aged 28·7 ± 6·2 years, group C 15 high‐level static sports athletes 26·4 ± 3·9 years old and group D 16 recreational ones, aged 25·8 ± 4·8 years. Fourteen sedentary men 30 ± 3·8 years old formed control group E. Structural indices of left cardiac chambers and thoracic aorta were echographically obtained, as well as common carotid intima‐media thickness ( cIMT ). Furthermore, applanation tonometry was conducted, at rest and during a handgrip strength test, for the acquisition of central arterial pressure parameters, carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity (cf PWV ) and total arterial compliance ( C τ ). Results No significant differences in structural arterial markers were observed. However, group A obtained the highest handgrip central systolic pressure values (13·1% compared to group D, P <0·05). Resting cf PWV was lower in group B by 13·8% ( P <0·05) than C and by 16·7% ( P <0·01) than E, whereas C τ was higher in group Β by 33·3% than C ( P <0·05) and by 40·9% than E ( P <0·01). Conclusion Functional arterial exercise‐induced adaptations become apparent at an early age, without being in conjunction with structural ones. Recreational dynamic exercise results in the most favourable arterial characteristics.
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Sotiriou et al. (2018) conducted a cross-sectional in Healthy volunteers (athletes and sedentary controls) (n=76). Dynamic and static exercise vs. Sedentary men was evaluated on Structural and functional arterial adaptations (cIMT, central arterial pressure, cfPWV, total arterial compliance). Recreational dynamic exercise was associated with the most favorable arterial characteristics, including 16.7% lower resting cfPWV (P<0.01) and 40.9% higher total arterial compliance (P<0.01) compared to sedentary men.
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