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Abstract. The upper troposphere/lower stratosphere (UTLS) represents an important part of the climate system. Even small changes in the composition and dynamic structure of this region have significant radiative effects. Quantifying the underlying physical and chemical processes therefore represents a crucial task. Currently, there is a lack of UTLS observations with sufficient three-dimensional resolution. The Gimballed Limb Observer for Radiance Imaging of the Atmosphere (GLORIA) aircraft instrument addresses this observational lack by providing observations of numerous trace constituents as well as temperature and cloud structures with an unprecedented combination of vertical resolution (up to 300 m) and horizontal resolution (about 30 km times 30 km). As a result, important scientific questions concerning stratosphere–troposphere exchange, the occurrence of subvisible cirrus clouds in the lowermost stratosphere (LMS), polar chemistry, and gravity wave processes can be addressed, as reviewed in this paper.
Riese et al. (Wed,) studied this question.