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Small-angle X-ray and neutron-scattering techniques have been used to probe the structure of swollen Nafion membranes in the range 10−10000 Å. From analyzing the scattering data as a function of the polymer volume fraction and using a contrast variation method for the neutron experiments, we suggest a new structural model of Nafion in the hydrated state. It is based on the aggregation of the ionomer chains into elongated polymeric bundles with a diameter on the order of 40 Å and a length larger than 1000 Å, surrounded by the electrolyte solution.
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Rubatat et al. (2002) studied this question.
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