Oscillation assessment of the KPG-193 test system with hyperscale data center interconnections

Oscillation assessment is gaining importance in modern power systems with high penetration of inverter-based and nonlinear resources. However, the lack of a reliable and complete inverter-based black-box model significantly limits the applicability of eigenvalue-based analysis. To address this limitation, this paper introduces an oscillation stability assessment framework that provides a generalized approach to analyzing oscillatory behavior. The proposed stability assessment independently applies impedance-based analysis and time-domain simulations with modeling of data-center load patterns. The framework is applied to a data-center siting scenario, enabling the simultaneous assessment of transient stability and oscillatory behavior across multiple operating conditions. Simulation results based on data-center load patterns indicated that the active-power variability induced by data-center operations cannot be fully accommodated by the power grid, highlighting the necessity of enforcing active-power ramp-rate limits to prevent oscillations when integrating data centers into the power system. By jointly leveraging impedance-based stability analysis and time-domain trajectories, the proposed framework provides a computationally tractable and physically interpretable assessment of oscillation stability, thereby supporting secure operation of large-scale power systems.