Pretreatment with AT1 receptor antagonists attenuated oxygen-glucose depletion-induced cellular damage and enhanced GLT-1 expression and glutamate uptake activity in rat neuron-astrocyte co-cultures.
Does pretreatment with AT1 receptor antagonists protect against neuronal injury induced by oxygen-glucose depletion in rat neuron-astrocyte cultures?
AT1 receptor antagonists protect against ischaemic neuronal injury in vitro by up-regulating GLT-1 expression and enhancing glutamate uptake.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Several clinical trials and in vivo animal experiments have suggested that blockade of angiotensin receptor type 1 (AT(1)) improves ischaemic outcomes. However, the mechanism(s) underlying these effects has not been elucidated. Here, we have investigated the protective effects of pretreatment with AT(1) receptor antagonists, losartan or telmisartan, against ischaemic insult to neurons in vitro. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Primary rat neuron-astrocyte co-cultures and astrocyte-defined medium (ADM)-cultured pure astrocyte cultures were prepared. Ischaemic injury was modelled by oxygen-glucose depletion (OGD) and lactate dehydrogenase release after OGD was measured with or without AT(1) receptor antagonists or agonists (L162313), AT(2) receptor antagonist (PD123319) or agonist (CGP-42112A) pretreatment, for 48 h. Activity of glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1) was evaluated by (3)H-glutamate uptake assays, after AT(1) receptor agonists or antagonists. Immunoblot and real-time PCR were used for analysis of protein and mRNA levels of GLT-1. KEY RESULTS: AT(1) receptor agonists augmented OGD-induced cellular damage, which was attenuated by AT(1) receptor antagonists. AT(1) receptor antagonists also suppressed OGD-induced extracellular glutamate release, reactive oxygen species production and nitric oxide generation. GLT-1 expression and glutamate uptake activity were significantly enhanced by AT(1) receptor antagonists and impaired by AT(1) receptor agonists. AT(1) receptor stimulation suppressed both ADM-induced GLT-1 protein expression and mRNA levels. AT(1)b receptor knock-down with siRNA enhanced GLT-1 expression. In postnatal (P1-P21) rat brains, protein levels of GLT-1 and AT(1) receptors were inversely correlated. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Suppression of AT(1) receptor stimulation induced GLT-1 up-regulation, which ameliorated effects of ischaemic injury.
Wu et al. (Tue,) conducted a other in Ischaemic injury. AT1 receptor antagonists (losartan or telmisartan) vs. Control (no antagonist or AT1 receptor agonists) was evaluated on Cellular damage (lactate dehydrogenase release) and GLT-1 expression/activity. Pretreatment with AT1 receptor antagonists attenuated oxygen-glucose depletion-induced cellular damage and enhanced GLT-1 expression and glutamate uptake activity in rat neuron-astrocyte co-cultures.