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Objective Malvastrum coromandelianum (L.) Garcke, (Family: Malvaceae) is traditionally valued for its therapeutic properties. This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical composition and bioactivities of different plant parts and to assess the influence of extraction methods and solvent polarity on metabolite yield and functionality. Methods Proximate composition analysis and phytochemical characterization including antioxidant activity of different plant part extracts using solvents of varying polarity and extraction methods were carried out. Different analytical methods such as High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), and High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS) were employed for the qualitative and quantitative analysis, identification, and characterization of phytochemical constituents present in the samples. Antimicrobial activity against selected bacterial and fungal strains was evaluated using agar well diffusion method. Results Proximate analysis indicated higher moisture, protein, fat, and carbohydrate contents in leaves, whereas stems and roots were richer in fiber and ash. Methanolic coupled with ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) yielded the highest phenolic (78.23 ± 1.74 GAE mg/g), flavonoid (61.18 ± 1.98 RE mg/g), alkaloid (41.96 ± 0.70 CoE mg/g), and tannin (52.89 ± 1.15 CaE mg/g) contents, correlating with strong antioxidant activity (DPPH: 41.61% ± 1.47%; Radical Scavenging Activity; phosphomolybdenum: 57.87 ± 1.78 AAE mg/g). GC-MS identified 20 bioactive compounds. FTIR confirmed major functional groups, while HRMS and HPTLC confirmed presence of quercetin, particularly in leaves. Methanolic extracts showed broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, notably against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans . Conclusion The findings demonstrate that solvent type, extraction method, and plant tissue significantly influence phytochemical yield and bioactivity, highlighting M. coromandelianum as a promising source of natural antioxidants and antimicrobial agents.
Suryawanshi et al. (Sun,) studied this question.