Key result
Diabetes, hypertension, smoking, and obesity are linked to increased adverse events in young ACS patients.
Why the study?
Coronary artery disease is a leading cause of death worldwide even in young patients, prompting this evaluation of acute coronary syndrome in young Sudanese patients.
Cross-Sectional (n=100)
No
Classical risk factors, particularly hypertension, diabetes, and smoking, are highly prevalent and significantly associated with adverse events in young Sudanese patients presenting with ACS.
Diabetes and hypertension linked to higher adverse events in young Sudanese ACS; hypothesis-generating for risk stratification pending prospective confirmation.
Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of death worldwide, even in young patients. This study aimed to characterize the clinical features, risk factors, and prognosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in young Sudanese patients. Methods: A total of 100 Sudanese patients aged up to 45 years with ACS were enrolled in a retrospective cross-sectional study at the Sudan Heart Center from 2022 to 2023. Their clinical data, including the findings, management, and outcome of their electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiography, and coronary angiography within one month, were recorded and analyzed using the SPSS program version 25. Results: Of the 100 patients, 74% were male and 26% were female, and the median age was 39. Risk factors included hypertension (33%), diabetes mellitus (30%), obesity (26%), and smoking (25%). ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) occurred in 73% of cases, mild ejection fractions occurred in 45 patients, and mitral regurgitation and left ventricular thrombosis each occurred in six patients. Most patients (73%) had occlusive CAD, primarily in the left anterior descending (LAD) artery (74%). Of the patients, 34% received thrombolysis, 26% had percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and 16% had coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Adverse events were significantly higher with a P-value of 0.000 in patients with diabetes, hypertension, a smoking habit, hyperlipidemia, obesity, occlusive CAD, and multivessel involvement (P = 0.001). Conclusion: Classical risk factors, especially hypertension, continue to significantly contribute to CAD and ACS in young adults in Sudan. It is imperative to prioritize interventions to prevent or mitigate these risk factors, including implementing strategies for blood pressure regulation, blood glucose monitoring, smoking cessation, and lipid management in young adults.
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Osman et al. (2025) conducted a cross-sectional in Acute coronary syndrome (n=100). Cardiovascular risk factors (diabetes, hypertension, smoking, hyperlipidemia, obesity) was evaluated on Adverse events (p=0.000). Cardiovascular risk factors including diabetes, hypertension, smoking, and obesity were significantly associated with higher adverse events in young patients with acute coronary syndrome (P=0.000).
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