Key result
ACHD patients hospitalized with vaccine-preventable infections face similar in-hospital mortality to the general population.
Why the study?
Comorbidities increase the risk of adverse outcomes from infections, but the prevalence and outcomes of vaccine-preventable infections in adult congenital heart disease patients compared to the general population were not established.
Do adult congenital heart disease patients hospitalized for vaccine-preventable infections have worse outcomes compared to the general population?
Observational (n=647,440)
Yes
Do adult congenital heart disease patients hospitalized for vaccine-preventable infections have worse outcomes compared to the general population?
Odds Ratio: 1.12 (95% CI 0.64–1.98)
ACHD patients hospitalized for vaccine-preventable infections have similar mortality but higher rates of acute kidney and liver failure compared to the general population, underscoring the importance of vaccination.
BACKGROUND: Comorbidities increase the risk of adverse outcomes from infections. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and outcomes of vaccine-preventable infections (VPI) in adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) patients compared to the general population. METHODS: Using the 2016-2020 National Inpatient Sample database, we identified VPI hospitalizations and compared outcomes between ACHD patients and the general population. The primary study outcome was in-hospital mortality, with secondary outcomes including respiratory failure, acute kidney injury, acute liver failure, septic shock, cardiac arrest, length of stay, and total hospital charges. RESULTS: Of 647,440 patients hospitalized for VPI, 2610 (0.3%) had ACHD. After adjustment for baseline characteristics, ACHD patients had similar odds of in-hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.12, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.64-1.98), respiratory failure (aOR 1.05, 95% CI 0.84-1.32), septic shock (aOR 1.03, 95% CI 0.66-1.60), and cardiac arrest (aOR 1.01, 95% CI 0.36-2.74), but higher odds of acute kidney injury (aOR 1.34, 95% CI 1.09-1.67) and acute liver failure (aOR 1.27, CI 1.01-1.60) compared to the general population. CONCLUSION: ACHD patients hospitalized for VPI have similar in-hospital mortality, but higher acute kidney injury and liver failure rates compared to the general population, highlighting the importance of vaccination in this vulnerable patient group.
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Hamza et al. (2026) conducted an observational in Vaccine-preventable infections in adult congenital heart disease (n=647,440). Adult congenital heart disease vs. General population was evaluated on In-hospital mortality (aOR 1.12, 95% CI 0.64-1.98). Adult congenital heart disease patients hospitalized for vaccine-preventable infections had similar odds of in-hospital mortality compared to the general population (aOR 1.12; 95% CI 0.64-1.98).
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