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Based on a rigorous model without approximation, the channel capacity is evaluated numerically for intensity-modulated direct-detection systems dominated by optical amplifier noises. With a discrete probability at zero intensity, the optimal input distribution is both discrete and continuously distributed. For small signal-to-noise ratio less than about 5 dB, the optimal signal is binary on-off keying.
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Keang-Po Ho (2005) studied this question.
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