Metal-organic framework-derived hollow NiCo2O4 spinel arrays coupled with Pd-Ni bimetallic sites for efficient CO2 hydrogenation to formate

CO 2 hydrogenation to formate is an effective strategy for promoting the sustainable carbon cycle. However, formate yields are significantly influenced by the amount of noble metal (e.g., Pd) used. Here, we present Pd-Ni synergistic catalysis on the hollow NiCo 2 O 4 spinel arrays (Pd x Ni y /NCO@CC) for enhanced formate production under mild conditions. The Pd-Ni dual-site structure effectively enhances electron accumulation on Pd via charge polarization and the synergistic interaction between Pd and Ni, leading to significantly improved formate yields with a reduced usage of noble metal catalyst. The optimized Pd 5 Ni 5 /NCO@CC catalyst achieved a remarkable formate yield of 282.5 mol formate mol Pd -1 h -1 at 333 K and demonstrated high stability. This strategy of synergistically enhancing catalytic activity via bimetallic sites highlights its advantages in other catalytic fields and practical applications. Pd-Ni synergistic catalysis on hollow NiCo 2 O 4 spinel arrays efficiently enhances CO 2 hydrogenation to formate, achieving a remarkable yield of 282.5 mol formate ·mol Pd -1 ·h -1 at 333 K. The improved performance is attributed to the charge polarization between Pd-Ni sites, while the carbon cloth support facilitates easy catalyst recovery.