Contraceptive knowledge, perception, and practice among women with a migrant background in Flanders: a qualitative study

Introduction Sexual and reproductive health is vital for women’s well-being, yet ethnicity remains a key determinant of contraceptive use. Limited research exists on knowledge, perceptions, and practices among women with a migration background in Flanders.Methods Two focus groups with 14 women with a migration background (aged 18–49) were conducted. Participants answered multiple-choice questions assessing contraceptive knowledge, followed by guided discussions. Audio recordings were transcribed and thematically analyzed by two independent researchers.Results Contraception was viewed primarily to manage life priorities rather than avoid parenthood. Most participants had experience with condoms, pills, and IUDs, with a preference for non-hormonal methods due to side effects. Cultural, religious, and practical factors strongly influenced attitudes; sterilization was widely rejected, while contraception was accepted. Conversations about contraception occurred within close female circles. Education sources varied, often from family or healthcare providers rather than formal schooling.Conclusion Contraceptive decision-making among women with a migration background reflects a complex interplay of personal, cultural, and religious factors. While acceptance is growing, misconceptions and taboos persist, particularly around communication and education. Culturally sensitive information and improved access to accurate guidance are needed to support informed reproductive choices.