Polyimide (PI) has become a critical coating material in aerospace and high-end equipment due to its outstanding thermal stability, mechanical strength, and chemical inertness. However, conventional PI faces bottlenecks such as insufficient wear resistance under high-friction conditions and poor synergy between thermal and mechanical properties. This work prepared the Fe 3 O 4 @polydopamine (Fe 3 O 4 @PDA) core-shell nanoparticles with three different morphologies (nanosphere, nanowire and nanosheet) as the reinforcements in polyimide (PI) coating composites to improve their thermal, mechanical and tribological properties. The SEM, XRD and XPS results showed that the Fe 3 O 4 @PDA core-shell nanoparticles had significant changes in size, surface roughness, crystal form and surface chemistry compared to the pristine Fe 3 O 4 , which contributed to the enhanced properties of the PI coating composites. Enhanced physical entanglements (from increased roughness of the Fe 3 O 4 @PDA) and stronger chemical interactions (from functional groups of the PDA and PI) collectively alter the energy dissipation mechanisms of the PI/Fe 3 O 4 @PDA composites under thermal, tensile, and frictional stress. The use of any of the three distinct morphological types of Fe 3 O 4 @PDA as additives resulted in a reduction of over 80% in the wear rate of the PI composites relative to pure PI. The improvement in the wear resistance, as well as the thermal and mechanical properties of the PI/Fe 3 O 4 @PDA composites over the pure PI. The most typical PI/Fe 3 O 4 NSh@PDA-0.25 exhibited 15.86% increase in toughness and 14.73% improvement in elastic modulus, and pyrolysis temperature of the PI/Fe 3 O 4 NW@PDA-0.25 increased by 1.51%, compared to pure PI.
Wang et al. (Sun,) studied this question.
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