Energy Optimization and Joule Heating Analysis of Gravity‐Induced Blood Flow in a Thermally Radiated Stenosed Micro‐Artery

Heart diseases such as atherosclerosis, are among the leading causes of heart attacks and mortality worldwide. Atherosclerosis is developed due to formation of stenoses that narrow the arterial lumen. Mathematical modeling of blood flow through stenotic arteries is crucial, as it provides insights into hemodynamic behavior and helps in predicting disease progression, that aids the development of effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. In the present study, the modified Navier–Stokes equations are employed to mathematically describe blood flow through an artery with multiple stenoses of varying lengths. The Poisson–Boltzmann equation, representing the electrical potential, along with the nonlinear coupled differential equations governing blood velocity and temperature, are solved using the Frobenius and the homotopy perturbation methods, respectively. Analysis reveals that in the middle of the artery as the radiation parameter increases from 1 to 1.3, the blood temperature decreases 12.68% at , 22.74% at , and 29.44% at .