Intelligent Prediction of the Hearth Lining Temperature in Blast Furnaces Based on Spatiotemporal Feature Fusion

Accurate forecasting of the hearth lining temperature in blast furnaces is essential for operational safety and efficiency, however it remains challenging owing to the complex spatiotemporal coupling and time-lag effects among process variables. To address this issue, we present a new spatiotemporal feature modeling framework that integrates gated recurrent units (GRUs) with a dual-attention mechanism to capture multi-scale temporal dependencies and dynamically assess variable importance. A convolutional neural network module is incorporated to extract localized spatial features from the time-series data, thereby enhancing the representation of the underlying metallurgical mechanisms. The validation on real industrial data showed that the proposed model achieved a root mean square error of 0.0523 and a hit rate of 94.26%, outperforming conventional long short-term memory and GRU models. This approach offers a reliable solution for intelligent health monitoring and proactive maintenance in modern data-driven ironmaking operations under highly dynamic and uncertain conditions.