Key result
Intact female Doberman Pinschers had significantly higher ACE activity (median 656 pmol/L) compared to spayed females (411 pmol/L, P=0.01) and intact males (365 pmol/L, P=0.04).
Why the study?
Estrogen modulates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in women, but sex differences have not been fully explored in dogs.
Does sex and reproductive status influence RAAS metabolites and enzymes in healthy Doberman Pinschers?
Cross-Sectional (n=18)
Does sex and reproductive status influence RAAS metabolites and enzymes in healthy Doberman Pinschers?
Sex and reproductive status influence the RAAS profile in Doberman Pinschers, with intact females showing higher ACE activity independent of genotype.
Sex/reproductive status affects RAAS in healthy Dobermans; leaves open implications for sterilization and RAAS study variability.
BACKGROUND: Estrogen modulates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in women, but sex differences have not been fully explored in dogs. OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that the RAAS profile of intact female (IF) Doberman Pinschers (DP) would differ from spayed female (SF) and intact male (IM) DP. ANIMALS: Eighteen healthy DP (6 IF, 6 SF, 6 IM). METHODS: Absolute and indexed RAAS metabolites, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and ACE2 activities, and genotypes (pyruvate kinase dehydrogenase 4, titin, and ACE variants) were compared among sex groups using Kruskal-Wallis or chi-square tests, and linear regression controlling for age. Data are expressed as median (minimum, maximum) and P < .05 was considered significant. RESULTS: The ACE activity was higher in IF DP (656 pmol/L; 436, 784) compared to SF DP (411 pmol/L; 287, 451; P = .01) and IM DP (365 pmol/L; 276, 1200; P = .04) after controlling for age. Angiotensin II, angiotensin I, and plasma renin activity marker (PRA-S) were higher in IF DP compared to SF DP, but not significantly (P ≤ .25). After controlling for age, angiotensin 1-7/angiotensin I was lower in IF DP compared to SF DP (P = .01). Genotypes did not differ among groups. Most DP (94%) were ACE variant positive. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Sex and reproductive status influenced the RAAS of DP, with IF DP showing genotype-independent higher ACE activity. These findings hold implications for sterilization practices in female dogs, and support sex and reproductive status as a source of variability in RAAS studies. Additionally, the frequency of the ACE gene variant was very high in this group of DP.
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Adin et al. (2022) conducted a cross-sectional in Healthy (n=18). Intact female reproductive status vs. Spayed females and intact males was evaluated on ACE activity (p=0.01). Intact female Doberman Pinschers had significantly higher ACE activity (median 656 pmol/L) compared to spayed females (411 pmol/L, P=0.01) and intact males (365 pmol/L, P=0.04).
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