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The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is an ideal model organism for the study of cell differentiation and organ development. This small worm has a short life cycle, is easy to grow in bulk, and is transparent, which made it possible to follow cell division directly under the microscope. Specific gene mutations can be induced in the genome of C. elegans and different mutations have thus been linked to specific genes and effects on organ development. The pufferfish genome has also been established as a powerful tool in genome analysis. (Copyright © The Nobel Committee for Physiology or Medicine at Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; picture taken from the Nobel poster.)
Sydney Brenner (Mon,) studied this question.