Does early administration of thyroxine reduce the development of Graves' ophthalmopathy after radioiodine treatment?

Tallstedt L, Lundell G, Blomgren H, Bring J. Does early administration of thyroxine reduce the development of Graves' ophthalmopathy after radioiodine treatment? Eur J Endocrinol 1994:130: 494–7. ISSN 0804–4643 The roles of thyroid hormones and thryotropin (TSH) in the development of Graves' ophthalmopathy are not clear. Some studies suggest a protective effect of thyroid hormones on experimental exophthalmos and an adverse effect of increased TSH levels. In September 1988 we introduced early thyroxine (T 4 ) administration after 131 I therapy for hyperthyroidism caused by Graves' disease. We carried out a retrospective study of records from all patients with this disease treated with 131 I for 4 years. During the first 2 years 248 patients were treated (group A). They received T 4 when the serum concentration of TSH and/or T 4 indicated hypothyroidism. During the next 2 years 244 patients were treated (group B). They were all given 0.05 mg of T 4 daily, starting 2 weeks after therapy, and 0.1 mg after a further 2 weeks. With a follow-up of 18 months, 45 patients (18%) in group A and 27 patients (11%) in group B developed or deteriorated in an already present ophthalmopathy (p = 0.03, relative risk = 1.64, 95% confidence interval = 1.05–2.55). Twenty-six patients in group A required specific therapy for the ophthalmopathy (e.g. antithyroid drugs, steroids, etc.) compared to 11 patients in group B (p = 0.02, relative risk = 2.33; 95% confidence interval = 1.18–4.60). Our results suggest that early administration of T 4 after 131 I therapy reduces the occurrence of Graves' ophthalmopathy.