Key result
Congenital heart disease is linked to ~23% higher risk of developing cancer versus matched controls.
Why the study?
Increasing survival in patients with congenital heart disease may lead to more age-dependent acquired diseases later in life, motivating evaluation of their cancer risk.
Does the presence of congenital heart disease increase the lifetime risk of developing cancer compared to the general population?
Cohort (n=980,014)
Yes
Does the presence of congenital heart disease increase the lifetime risk of developing cancer compared to the general population?
Patients with congenital heart disease face an elevated lifelong risk of cancer that persists across age groups and recent birth cohorts, emphasizing the need for continued surveillance.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Supports consideration of lifelong cancer surveillance in congenital heart disease; extends prior observational data to a large nationwide cohort with extended follow-up.
Background: Increasing survival of patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) will result in an increased risk of age-dependent acquired diseases later in life. We aimed to investigate the risk of cancer in young and older patients with CHD and to evaluate the excess risk of cancer by syndromes, organ transplantation and cardiac surgery. Methods: = 890,472) from the Swedish Total Population Register. Findings: 4012 patients with CHD (4·5%) and 35,218 controls (4·0%) developed cancer. The median follow-up time was 58·8 (IQR 42·4-69·0) years. The overall cancer risk was 1·23 times higher (95% confidence interval (CI) 1·19-1·27) in patients with CHD compared with matched controls, and remained significant when patients with syndromes and organ transplant recipients were excluded. The risk of cancer was higher in all CHD age groups, and in patients that underwent cardiac surgery during the first year after birth (Hazard Ratio 1·83; 95% CI 1·32-2·54). The highest risk was found in children (0-17 years), HR 3·21 (95% CI 2·90-3·56). Interpretation: The cancer risk in patients with CHD was 23% higher than in matched controls without CHD. The highest risk was found in children and in the latest birth cohort (1990-2017).
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Karazisi et al. (2022) conducted a cohort in Congenital heart disease (n=980,014). Congenital heart disease vs. Matched controls without congenital heart disease was evaluated on Development of cancer (HR 1.23, 95% CI 1.19-1.27, p=<0.001). Congenital heart disease exposure was associated with a 23% higher risk of developing cancer compared to matched controls without congenital heart disease (HR 1.23, 95% CI 1.19-1.27, p<0.001).
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