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In the context of the increasing penetration of intermittent renewable energy resources (RES), one of the significant challenges facing traditional bulk power systems and microgrids is the scheduling generation units problem. Many studies have focused on solving the energy management problem for microgrids integrating RES. To address the intermittency caused by RES, flexible components such as battery energy storage systems (BESS) or demand response (DR) are considered. To clarify the problem of integrating these flexible components, a mixed-integer programming (MIP) approach for the unit commitment (UC) problem for microgrids with BESS and DR is proposed in this paper. An incentive-based demand response model as a negative power source and a detailed model for the vanadium redox battery (VRB) are introduced to improve the efficiency and reliability of microgrids. The objective optimization function, including the costs of generation, emissions, and maintenance, is minimized considering the uncertainty of the load and renewable energy sources. The obtained simulation results are compared with the genetic algorithm (GA) method as the basis for verification in different case studies. The obtained results have clarified the effect of using the BESS model and DR program on system operation.
Nguyen‐Duc et al. (Thu,) studied this question.