Development of the Architecture of a Unified Digital Platform for Integrating Telematics Data of Autonomous Refrigerated Wagons with Russian Railways Corporate Systems Based on Industrial Internet of Things and Blockchain Technologies

The article is devoted to solving the urgent problem of data fragmentation during the operation of autonomous refrigerated wagons (ARVs) on the Russian Railways railway network. The key task is to develop the architecture of a single digital platform, automate the information field generated by on-board telematics systems (data on temperature, location, equipment operation parameters), and seamlessly integrate it with data from corporate automated control systems JSC Russian Railways and integration with internal systems of operational, commercial and technical accounting. Objective: to develop a unified ARV digital platform that ensures the formation of a common source of reliable data, cargo safety and reliability of ARV equipment. Materials and methods: the paper uses system analysis methods for existing solutions in telematics of refrigerated rolling stock. The imperfections of the information exchange between the systems and the formalization of the platform requirements are revealed. The principles of service-oriented architecture (SOA) were used to design the architecture of a single digital ARB platform. The concepts of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) were applied to collect data from various systems, and the rules of hybrid data management (“single data layer” – Data Fabric) were applied to integrate and process this data. Results: the implementation of the proposed platform will help overcome the problems of information fragmentation and delay, optimize logistics processes, create a single source of reliable data, implement the transition to maintenance based on the actual condition and improve train safety. Practical significance: information from on-board ARV systems and from corporate automated control systems of Russian Railways comes incoherently, which requires manual data comparison and, as a result, delayed response to incidents, which leads to damage to cargo. The results of the work will significantly increase the efficiency of using the refrigerated fleet, ensure the safety of goods, reduce operating costs and strengthen the competitive position of rail transport in the market of transportation of perishable products.