Cultural and Immigration-Related Factors Influencing Diabetes Distress and Mental Health Among Hispanic Adults: A Scoping Review

INTRODUCTION: Hispanic adults in the United States experience disproportionately high rates of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and related mental health conditions, frequently intensified by immigration stress, acculturation challenges, and minority stress. METHODS: This scoping review synthesized evidence on how immigration-related factors, acculturation, and minority stress influence diabetes distress and co-occurring mental health symptoms among Hispanic adults with T2DM. Searches of PubMed, CINAHL Complete, MEDLINE (OVID), and ScienceDirect (2001-2025) yielded 37 eligible studies comprising approximately 22,000 participants. RESULTS: Three themes emerged: (1) immigration stress and cultural adaptation challenges, (2) difficulties navigating healthcare systems and support resources, and (3) structural barriers and discrimination. These factors were consistently linked to increased diabetes distress, depression, anxiety, and poorer glycemic outcomes. DISCUSSION: Findings highlight the need for culturally responsive, integrated care models addressing both mental and physical health while reducing structural barriers that exacerbate disparities among Hispanic adults with T2DM.