Wild ways: understanding the behavioural drivers of urban rewilding in London’s private gardens using the COM-B model

Urban rewilding in private gardens improves biodiversity, climate-change resilience and wellbeing, yet little is known about the behavioural factors that influence residents’ engagement in rewilding. This qualitative study explores the Capability, Opportunity and Motivation of Londoners to rewild their gardens, using the ‘COM-B’ behaviour model to address this gap. Twenty interviews were conducted with residents across 13 London boroughs and thematically analysed. Findings show rewilding behaviour is shaped by practical constraints, environmental conditions, personal values and social influences. Psychological Capability – desire to learn, trial-and-error experiences and ability to navigate information – is key. Opportunities are shaped by time, space, cost, local wildlife, pets and community dynamics, while environmental concern, health benefits, species preferences and garden-maintenance habits drive Motivation. The unfulfilled potential of schools in fostering early ecology values and local authorities in supporting residents is identified. The study highlights the importance of tailored communication and locally relevant interventions – from policymakers, councils, conservation organisations, built-environment designers and schools – to build skills, support positive habits and address concerns among residents, and strengthen community and governance structures. The findings will facilitate the design of effective urban-rewilding initiatives to contribute to biodiversity, climate and health goals in London and other cities.