The impact of physical activity-promoting built environment on children’s interactions with older adults in Texas, US

Intergenerational interactions support children’s development and reduce loneliness and isolation. Walkable, visually appealing neighborhoods rich in activity-friendly places facilitate these interactions by encouraging outdoor activities. However, previous studies have examined physical activity and intergenerational interactions separately, leaving their direct and indirect connection with neighborhood environments understudied. To address this gap, this cross-sectional study investigates the complex associations among built environmental factors, physical activity, and children’s interactions with older adults, using survey data from 1,154 parents or guardians of children in grades K–6 across Texas school districts. Results from two structural equation models showed that walkable destinations were positively associated with intergenerational interactions, directly and indirectly through time spent in nature. Activity places were indirectly positively associated with intergenerational interactions through time spent in nature and meeting the 60-min daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) guideline. Aesthetic quality was positively correlated with intergenerational interactions, directly and indirectly through time spent in nature and meeting the 60-min daily MVPA guideline. Neighborhood sidewalks/trails and cleanliness were associated only with sedentary behavior. These findings suggest that future planning and design policies and practices should prioritize walkability, activity-friendly places, aesthetics, and access to nature to encourage physical activity and meaningful social interactions across age groups.