Technology for Producing Graphene-Coated Magnetic Iron Particles Decorated by Small Aurum Nanoparticles for Cancer Cell Therapy

Nanotechnology currently offers two approaches to tumor therapy. The first involves coating the surface of nanoparticles with high-affinity molecules for targeted delivery. The second involves directing the nanoparticles to the desired area of the body using an external magnetic field. Such nanoparticles are often made of magnetic metals (iron, nickel, cobalt, etc.), but in living systems, the main problem with such nanoparticles is their toxicity. To address the toxicity issue, various barriers and coatings are primarily used. In this work, a laser technology for producing multifunctional nanocomposites based on graphene-coated iron nanoparticles decorated with gold nanoparticles was developed. Graphene-coated iron nanoparticles (200 nm) were synthesized using laser ablation in isopropanol. The presence of a graphene coating on the surface of the iron nanoparticles was confirmed by TEM, Raman spectroscopy, and luminescence analysis. A technology for depositing gold nanoparticles approximately 10 nm in size onto the graphene shell of the resulting iron nanoparticles was invented. The essence of the technology lies in creating critical conditions in a nanoparticle colloid, leading to intense aggregation with each other. Multifunctional nanocomposites based on graphene-coated iron nanoparticles decorated with gold nanoparticles did not exhibit acute toxicity to cell cultures under normal conditions. Moreover, under the combined influence of an alternating magnetic field and laser radiation, nanocomposites damaged 96% of neuroblastoma cells in culture.