Technique of surgical interventions on the thyroid gland. (Literature review)

Background. Thyroid surgeries are among the most difficult in surgery. Modern surgical developments aimed at reducing the number of complications have significantly influenced the improvement in the results of treatment of patients with thyroid pathology, but did not exclude the possibility of their occurrence. Objective. Study in Russian and foreign publications of various surgical techniques of surgical interventions on the thyroid gland. Material and methods. Domestic and foreign publications were searched in Russian and international search systems (Pub Med, Google Academy, eLibrary). The names and annotations of the identified studies were analyzed, followed by a full-text assessment. Results. An analysis of open, minimally invasive techniques, endoscopic operations on the thyroid gland was carried out. Modern methods of preventing intraoperative damage to recurrent laryngeal nerves and parathyroid glands are described. Conclusion. The data obtained demonstrated various types and techniques of surgical interventions on the thyroid gland. They can be used in the planning of hemi- and thyroidectomies.