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Bogie and pantograph areas are the important sources of the aerodynamic drag for high-speed trains. In this study, a smooth and fully encapsulated structure in bogie areas and a teardrop deflector in pantograph areas were designed to improve the train aerodynamic performance. Herein, two different three-car grouping high-speed train models were employed, i.e., Models I and II. The numerical simulations were carried out using an improved delayed detached eddy simulation (IDDES) method. The results show that after installing the smooth and fully encapsulated structure in bogie areas, the aerodynamic drag coefficients of bogie regions of the head and tail cars are reduced by 59.4% and 57.0%, respectively. In addition, the wake flow of the high-speed train is improved as well. The similar reduction is observed in the pantograph area. After installing the teardrop type deflector, the airflow over the pantograph area becomes smoother, which contributes to 45.6% aerodynamic drag reduction in the pantograph area. Therefore, combining with the smooth and fully encapsulated structure and teardrop type deflector, the Model II achieves an aerodynamic drag reduction of 17.3%.
Gao et al. (Sat,) studied this question.