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Magnesium (Mg 2+ ) is crucial for several cellular and physiological processes and is tightly regulated due to health risks associated with imbalances. Mg 2+ , calcium (Ca 2+ ), parathyroid hormone, and vitamin D 3 are tightly coupled, ensuring proper bone metabolism and intestinal and renal absorption of Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ . While several Ca 2+ homeostasis models exist, no computational model has been developed to study Mg 2+ homeostasis. We developed a computational model of Mg 2+ homeostasis in male rats, integrating it with an existing Ca 2+ homeostasis model, to understand the interconnected physiological processes regulating their homeostasis. We then analyzed adaptations in these interconnected processes under (1) dietary Mg 2+ deficiency, (2) low/high dietary Ca 2+ with Mg 2+ deficiency, and (3) vitamin D 3 deficiency. Model simulations predicted severe hypomagnesemia and mild hypocalcemia with significant dietary Mg 2+ deficiency. Low dietary Ca 2+ improved, while high dietary Ca 2+ worsened Mg 2+ deficiency. Finally, vitamin D 3 deficiency caused severe hypocalcemia, with minimal impact on Mg 2+ homeostasis.
Dutta et al. (Mon,) studied this question.