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This paper proposes and investigates a novel multilevel thin-walled energy-absorbing structure. The proposed design demonstrates superior energy absorption capability compared to conventional single-stage structures through its additional energy-absorbing mechanism that activates after the initial peak force. Based on the Super Folding Element (SFE) theory, we derive theoretical calculation expressions to characterize the structure’s behavior. Dynamic impact experiments validate the theoretical model. Furthermore, we introduce an innovative allowable criterion for structural optimization and implement multi-objective crashworthiness optimization to identify the optimal configuration. The optimization results exhibit remarkable consistency with both numerical simulations and theoretical predictions, confirming the effectiveness of our approach.
Deng et al. (Wed,) studied this question.