Biomimetic fibrous polymeric scaffolds for the regeneration of urethral segments

Urethral reconstruction is crucial for preserving urinary function and overall quality of life. Advances in medical technology and surgical techniques have expanded treatment options, enabling personalized approaches, such as tissue engineering, grafting procedures, endoscopic interventions, and open surgery. This study investigates the fabrication of biomimetic scaffolds based on poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), and hyaluronic acid (HA) for potential use in urethral reconstruction. Tubular scaffolds comprised PCL nanofibers, co-electrospun PCL/HA-PEO fibers, and porous PCL scaffolds infiltrated with HA. Scanning electron microscopy revealed homogeneous, randomly oriented, defect-free fibers across all scaffold types. FTIR-ATR analysis confirmed the characteristic PCL bands, with HA-related signals detected after infiltration. In vitro studies demonstrated cytocompatibility, supporting successful fibroblast culture on the constructs. Additionally, mechanical properties were evaluated using a continuous circulation biodynamic simulator. Notably, the pressure-diameter profiles mimicked a biological response, with the compliance and elasticity of PCL and hybrid scaffolds closely approximating those of the natural human urethra.