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Coagulation-flocculation is a significant process in water and wastewater treatment units that enhances treatment efficiency and cost-effectiveness. The coagulation process is a straightforward operation in water treatment with simple design and low energy consumption. Various chemicals are utilized to produce drinking water and treat wastewater, and the coagulation process is employed to separate solids from industrial polymer effluents to ensure suitable properties for discharge. It can also be used to treat dissolved organic matter and particulate suspensions. Primary coagulants such as inorganic salts and polymeric organic compounds are utilized in potable water treatment.The objective of this study is to examine the research conducted on the utilization of various coagulants and flocculants. The efficiency of the flocculation process is impacted by several factors, such as the properties of the flocs formed, the dosage of coagulants and flocculants added, pH, temperature, and mixing rate. This paper offers a summary of the key findings achieved through the treatment of various solutions and suspensions.
Zaki et al. (Mon,) studied this question.