Assessment of local sustainability at village level in Kulon Progo Regency, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia

The implementation of the concept of sustainable development remains a challenge at the global, regional, and local levels. Local sustainability evaluations at the village level are an important way to assess how effective a region's strategy is in achieving sustainable development goals. This study addresses this gap by evaluating local sustainability from a temporal perspective. This study analyzes several factors that affect sustainable development at the village level using multidimensional scaling and leverage analysis. Modifications of the Rapfish technique and the R software are used as analysis tools. This study collected 32 attributes related to the economic, social, and environmental dimensions from 88 villages in Kulon Progo Regency from 2014 to 2024. The results showed an average increase in the index across all dimensions during the study period. Economic indices have the lowest values among social and environmental indices, consistent with the uneven availability of economic facilities and digital infrastructure. Regions with low economic sustainability generally have high environmental sustainability scores. Mobile operator services and bank distance are sensitive factors affecting economic sustainability. Meanwhile, electrification and disaster mitigation are sensitive elements that affect social and environmental sustainability. This study provides a reference for local investment policies by focusing on the development of digital infrastructure at the village level to accelerate economic development by enabling easier village access to the global economy and fostering local economic transformation towards a smart economy powered by digital technology.